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Name: Summary of the lesson "Journey into the past of the light bulb"
Nomination: Kindergarten, Lesson notes, GCD, cognitive, Senior group
Position: teacher of the highest qualification category
Place of work: MBDOU kindergarten No. 33 Zvezdochka
Location: Sokol, Vologda region
ABSTRACT
Directly educational activities
FOR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
SENIOR GROUP
TOPIC: "Journey into the past of the light bulb"
Software content.
- Learn about the history of the light bulb. To systematize knowledge about the properties and actions of various precursor objects of an electric light bulb.
- To form the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships, draw conclusions.
- Raise interest, desire to learn more about people's lives earlier.
- Activate the speech activity of children (enrichment of the dictionary, building complex sentences, the ability to participate in a conversation).
Material: a box of sensations, a torch, a kerosene lamp, an electric light bulb, matches, various lamps.
Course progress.
Educator: Children, tell me how do you understand the word journey? (Children's reasoning).
Conclusion: travel is different, but always interesting and useful.
Educator: Today we will go on a journey called "The World of Amazing Things."
One of these amazing things is here in this magic box. What is this thing you can find out with your hands. Let's ask Masha to find out what's there. What is this? There are many mysteries about such an amazing thing, you know them. Let's hear how exactly the riddles tell about the light bulb.
Vanya, your riddle:
The house is a glass bubble
And the light lives in it.
During the day he sleeps, but when he wakes up
It will ignite with a bright flame. Anya:
hanging pear,
You can't eat.
Why is the light bulb called a pear?
And I also know the riddle:
Miracles on the ceiling
The sun hung on a string.
What kind of light bulbs can be said to be hanging on a string?
Hanging idle during the day
And lights up the house at night.
Why is it said so? (Light is not needed during the day).
Conclusion: what an amazing thing is an electric light bulb: a glass vial
it looks like a pear, inside there is a light, it rests during the day, it illuminates everything at night.
The Museum of the Light Bulb will help us learn about the history of the appearance of the electric light bulb, about how people illuminated their homes. Please stand up, close your eyes and with me, slowly, repeat:
One, two, three, turn around
And be in the museum.
Here we are in the museum. Children, what is the main rule in the museum? (Exhibits by hands
do not touch). Come closer and look at the exhibits. What items do you
see? (Children list). Vika, what did you see?
Prove what these objects have in common? (Light up, illuminate). Let's sit down and talk about how man invented light.
A long time ago, when a man lived in a cave, he learned to kindle a fire (illustration showing), it made it brighter. When he had to leave the cave in the evening or at night, he invented a torch. I will tell you about it. A torch is a large stick, one end of which is wrapped in rags or tow, this end is dipped in a liquid that burns well and for a long time. With torches they walked not only along the streets, but later they began to illuminate the premises in castles. (Illustration display). Later, in peasant huts, this was used for lighting ... .
What is this? This is just a sliver, pointed at one end, it was called a torch .. Maybe one of you saw a torch? What did they do to her? (They kindled the samovar). In the huts, a torch was inserted into this fortification, in the old way it is called svetets (repetition of a new word). The splint was made from birch, it burns better. (Light up, display). Please note: there is little light from the torch, it quickly burns out and smokes heavily. Maybe leave it on fire? Let's put it out so there's no fire. (Glass with WATER).
Fizminutka
We worked, we were tired
Let's get up together, let's rest
And let's start the story again.
At times - rise - stretch,
Two - bend - unbend,
Three - three clap in the hands,
three head nods,
Four - arms wider,
At five - wave your hands,
Six - sit quietly in place.
Educator: I have more amazing things here, take one at a time. What is this? Years passed, and a person came up with a more convenient item for lighting a home - candles. Consider, touch. What kind of candle to the touch? Touch with a fingernail - what is she like? Candles were made from beeswax and mutton fat. There are twisted threads inside the candle - this is a wick, it is lit, touch the threads. You light candles at home with your parents and watch what will happen, and then you will tell everything in the nursery. (Collect candles).
Man sought to come up with more convenient lighting for his home. People learned how to make kerosene from oil and invented a kerosene lamp. Has anyone seen such a lamp? At the bottom of the lamp there is a cup, kerosene is poured into it, a wick made of thick filament fabric is inserted, and glass is inserted on top. What is glass for? In order not to get burned, it was better illuminated. (Ignition display, wick extension).
A splinter, a candle, a kerosene lamp, do you think they are convenient for lighting?
Why? (They smoke, burn quickly, there is little light, there may be a fire, burn yourself, sting your hands).
Educator: Years passed, and a man came up with an electric light bulb. She is now
illuminates our apartments. There are various lamps in our houses: on the ceilings
there are chandeliers hanging on the walls, sconces on the walls, table lamps on the tables. Also, what do you know?
(Floor lamps on the floor).
Educator: Here we are today with you and learned about the history of the electric light bulb and how people illuminated their homes. You made me happy with your answers. And now it's time to return from the museum to the nursery:
One, two, three, turn around
Be in kindergarten.
Target: Give an idea of the primitive man. About the life and occupations of ancient people.
Tasks:
Tutorials:
To acquaint children with the appearance and life of primitive man (with the important achievements of primitive man - mastery of speech, the ability to make fire, agriculture, domestication of animals, rock art;
Expand vocabulary, introduce new words;
Developing;
Development of coherent speech, word creation;
Development of imagination, fantasy and logical thinking by creating a problem situation;
Development of cause-and-effect thinking, a retrospective look at human development;
educators;
Education of ecological culture;
Education of observation of the change in phenomena and events of the surrounding life.
Lesson type: Frontal lesson on the development of speech.
Lesson form: Non-traditional (classes - travel).
Duration: 30 minutes.
Members: Educator and children.
Age of students: 6-7 years old.
Equipment and materials: cut pictures, letters, a ball, words for making sentences, illustrations of the life and life of ancient people:
- pictures depicting mammoths - 2 pcs.;
- pictures depicting a saber-toothed tiger - 2 pieces;
- the manufacture of tools;
- tools of labor and hunting;
- making pit traps for wild animals;
- mammoth hunting;
- making fire;
- cooking meat on a fire;
- skin dressing;
- fishing;
- rock art;
- boiling water;
- using a sharp stick as a fork.
Preliminary work.
1. Examining illustrations, reading encyclopedias about the life of primitive man.
2. Acquaintance with animals (mammoth, saber-toothed tiger) that lived in ancient times.
3. Watching cartoons:
- "World History. Ancient Man"
- "The cat that walked by itself"
4. Making costumes and jewelry of ancient people.
Methods; brainstorming, game methods, problem situations method, integrated approach to presenting new material.
Lesson progress
1. Organizational part. (10 minutes.)
It was at dawn...
There were children in our group.
Who was sitting on a chair
who looked out into the street...
Roma sang,
Matvey was silent
A Semyon shook his foot.
And then he said to the guys Sasha
- It's boring, it's boring to sit like this
And look at the street.
After all, it is much more interesting to visit another place for us.
Guys, where would you like to be now in the past or the future?
(Children's answers.)
Guys, how can you call the time in which we live? (The present)
Real, what is it? (happy, successful, sad)
And what will be the name of the time that will be? (future)
How can you say about the future? (obscure, mysterious, wonderful, brilliant)
And what will the time of past events be called? (Past)
The past, what is it? (distant, dark, fighting, foggy, forgotten)
Guys, is it possible for a person to be in the past? (No)
Why do you think so? (Time moves in one direction, it cannot be turned back).
And what can help us return to the past?
Let's build a time machine. What should be a time machine? Here are some details, assemble them correctly (children assemble a time machine from split pictures)
And we will go to the distant, distant past for several centuries ago. Amazing adventures are waiting for you.
Now let's see who's late with us! (Children fold their palms so that a “hole” is formed between the palms, look with one eye, the other).
Everyone gathered. Everything is in place. Well then, let's go!
To turn on our time machine, we need to know the code. The code will be a word, by guessing which we will find out who will meet us in the past.
1 letter in this word will be the one that sound is heard in the first place in the word CLOCK
The 2nd letter will be the one that sounds after the sound P in the word TIME.
The 3rd letter is the one that is heard after the sound M in the word EARTH.
The 4th letter is the sound that comes last in the word FACE.
The 5th letter is the sound that comes first in the word AGE.
The 6th letter is the one that sounds after the sound B in the word VEK.
The 7th letter in this word is the second sound in the word SKELETON.
What word did we get? HUMAN.
This means that we will be met in the past by a MAN, but these will be our ancestors, the first people.
It's time to start the Machine. Take your seats, close your eyes and imagine that our car is on its way.
We fly by car, We want to know about everything.
2. Main part (15 minutes).
The teacher's story.
It was a long time ago. On our green and flourishing planet, where various animals and birds already lived, a man appeared. Where did he come from? Whether it came from monkeys, whether it came from outer space, we do not know. But he did show up.
You and I found ourselves at the edge of a dense, impenetrable forest. Near us thickets of sweet cane. Suddenly, strange creatures emerge from the forest. Look at them.
How do they look? Who do these creatures look like?
(children's statements; the body is covered with hair, looks like a monkey, moves on two legs) (children's reasoning - to a monkey and a man).
Here is such, our distant ancestor, primitive man. What physical qualities do you think he possessed? Consider what kind of body he has.
Children: Strong, brave, dexterous, etc.
Educator: That's right, he was fast, dexterous and quick-witted. And why did the ancient man have to be so strong, brave, dexterous?
Children: Hunt, run away from predators, etc.
Do you think the physical qualities of modern people have changed? Why?
Children: No need to hunt, run away from predators.
And what qualities does your body have, how physically developed are you?
Fizminutka
What is our body?
What can it do?
Smile and laugh
Jump, run, play...
Our ears hear sounds.
Our nose breathes air.
Roth can tell.
Eyes can see.
Legs can run fast.
Hands can do everything.
Fingers grab tight
And squeeze tight
How do we skillfully
This slender, strong body.
Educator: Look, what was the ancient man wearing? Why does he have such unusual clothes? There were no modern clothes then, because there were no factories, no factories, and a person had to do everything with his own hands. And who guessed why he needed a skin? We guessed how the primitive man escaped from the cold. Maybe you can guess what else a person needed to survive? Of course, he needed water, food and shelter. He could drink from a river or stream. What did he eat? Primitive people collected plant roots, seeds, various mushrooms and berries in the forest, hunted wild animals. How did ancient people keep warm? (they made fire) The fire warmed, protected from wild animals, helped to cook food. However, if the fire is not maintained, it will quickly go out.
- Guys, what needs to be done so that the fire does not go out? (so that the fire does not go out both day and night, the duty officers in turn put branches and twigs into the fire). - Guys, maybe someone knows how the ancient people managed to get fire?
Many centuries passed before man mastered this art. When processing wood, people noticed that if one dry stick is rubbed against another, the stick heats up and smolders. On it you can fan the flame. This is how man mastered fire and learned how to make it. No matter how
strangely, the most ancient method of making fire has survived to our time. Primitive people made fire by rubbing one wooden stick against another. We also produce fire by friction - matches against boxes. But there is a difference, and a very big one. Lighting a match is a matter of one moment, and to light a piece of wood, even a very dry one, you need to tinker for about five minutes, or even more. Yes, and you need to know. Everyone will light a match, but try to make fire in the primitive way. Let's try it too.
Physical education minute
To make us fire
Three palm on palm.
Suddenly the palm will sparkle
And the paper will burn.
Two claps over the head.
Two claps in front of you.
Hide two hands behind your back
And we will jump on two legs.
Lean left, right
And sit down quietly.
Where do you think the primitive people lived? Why did people search for caves and not stay on the ground to sleep? Let's see where our ancestors most often settled. Where there were mountains, people lived in caves. Where there were no mountains, they built huts for themselves from the bones and skins of animals. What other materials can houses be built from? (Made of bricks, blocks, stone, glass, etc.)
What is the name of a house built of wood? (Wood.)
- From a brick?
- From blocks?
- From the panels?
- Of stone?
- From paper?
- From glass?
- From sand?
- From clay?
In those distant times, mammoths were found on the earth. What animal does a mammoth look like? What is the difference between a mammoth and an elephant? And then there were also saber-toothed tigers with huge and sharp fangs like sabers and huge cave bears. They hunted them in large groups (men of the same tribe). Why do you think they hunted together? It is impossible to get such a large animal alone.
So, Man did not live alone, but among other people. What do people need to understand each other? How did they communicate? Gathered alone to hunt, how to call others?
(Children's reasoning.)
You can call with gestures. How? (children portray) Or you can use your voice. (Children show.)
At first they communicated using sounds, but it was very inconvenient and then they came up with their own language, that is, different words. Thus, language arose, speech arose. Children, what language do we speak? Like any other, our speech consists of ... what? From suggestions. What are the proposals? From words. Do words consist? From syllables. What are syllables made of? From sounds.
“Modern people can speak. Does this mean that they no longer need sign language? No, sign language has survived to this day. Sometimes he helps us, makes our communication more expressive.
Let's find out how you and I speak sign language.
How is it customary to greet each other? (Hold out hand. Wave hand.)
Warn you not to do something? (Wag finger.)
How to establish silence with one sign? (Place your finger on your lips and close them.)
Show that we understand each other correctly? (Nod your head.)
However, you need to remember: the habit of waving your arms, jumping on an interlocutor, pushing him, grabbing clothes during a conversation is a sign of bad manners, inability to behave in society.
Let's show how we speak. (The game is being played: "Half a word is yours."
Get in a circle. I will stand in the center with the ball. Listen carefully to me. I pronounce the beginning of the word, throwing the ball to one of you. The one who catches the ball must complete this word. (For example: horse, lo-pat, game-ra, in-le, winter-ma, spring-on, ko-mar, ko-za, notebook, etc.)
The next task is called "Live Offer". The words in the sentences are mixed up. Let's put them in their place.
Castle, on, stands, mountain, high.
Door, lock, strong, hanging, on.
The words are not in order. Therefore, it is not very clear what the proposal is about. Arrange the words correctly so that everything becomes clear and the sentence sounds beautiful.
"Ball game"
I throw a ball, say a word, and you say a word with the opposite meaning.
Smart - ... dry - ... sorrow - ... fast - ...
Sweet - ... bad - ... morning - ... big - ...
Light - ... bold - ... night - ... quiet - ...
Day - ... young - ... fun - ... start - ...
Greedy - ... full - ... sick - ... old - ...
Strong - ... hot - ... stale - ... etc.
Are there any exercises that help practice pronunciation? (tongue twisters, tongue twisters). "A yellow, fat, greedy beetle was hiding money in a chest." “I was driving a Greek across the river, he sees a Greek: there is a crayfish in the river, he put his hand into the river, the crayfish by the hand of the Greek tsap-tsap.” “Tell me about shopping. About what about purchases? About shopping, about shopping, about my shopping! ". Well done!
Look at the pictures. Who is pictured? (primitive man and modern man) Compare them.
3. Final part (5 minutes).
We met with the first people living on Earth. Therefore, the time in which they lived is called PRIMARY, and people are called primitive.
Our primal adventure ends for today. Close your eyes, our time machine is going back to our time. And we will again be boys and girls living in our world.
So, what were the names of the people we turned into (PRIMARY)
What did they wear?
What did they eat?
Who were they hunting?
Where did they live?
How was fire made?
Would you like to live in those times?
Did you enjoy our trip?
What do you remember the most?
Next time we will definitely visit the people of the past and find out what else they have learned.
Literature.
1. Gorohova L.A., Makarova T.N. Musical and theatrical activities in the preschool educational institution: Integrated classes / Ed. K.Yu.white. - M.: TC Sphere, 2005. - 64s. - (Development program.)
2. Blinova G.M. The cognitive development of children aged 5-7 years. Toolkit. - M.: TC Sphere, 2010. - 128s. (Together with children.)
3. Encyclopedia of the connoisseur. Primitive. - M.: "Makhaon", 2007.
4. Children's magazine "Ice Age. Animal Collection" No. 1, No. 3, No. 10, No. 13.
Cognitive leisure in the senior preparatory group
Abstract of the lesson for children 5 - 7 years old "Journey into the past hours."
Author: Olga Ivanovna Nikolaeva, teacher
Place of work: MADOU CRR d / s No. 121, Kaliningrad
Material Description: I present to your attention the summary of the lesson "Journey into the Past of Clocks", which is focused on showing children's interest in the history of clocks, a cognitive dialogue with an adult, and gives an idea of the significance of adult work. This material will be useful for teachers of the senior and preparatory groups of the kindergarten, teachers of additional education, teachers of primary classes.
The age of children is 5 - 7 years.
Target: Formation of children's ideas about watches, the history of the creation of watches.
Tasks: to acquaint with the history of watches, to teach to establish causal relationships between the purpose and methods of use, to cultivate respect for the work of people - an inventor, creator, creator.
Material: pictures depicting different types of watches; clock mechanism; different clocks: hourglass, mechanical, electronic, electric; a picture depicting a sundial, whatman paper with a circle in the middle of the sheet; plate with yellow paint (gouache); a damp cloth (napkin) for each child.
Preparatory work: examining different types of clocks, memorizing the poem "Hours" by V. Berestov, memorizing riddles.
Lesson progress:
Educator: Guys, today we are going on an exciting journey! Want to take a trip to the past? Then try to guess the riddle.No legs, let's go in
There is no mouth, but let's say:
When to sleep, when to wake up
When to start work.
Children: Watch.
Educator: Today we are going to the past hours.
(They approach the first table, on which lies a picture with a cockerel).
We will talk about hours, but what does the cockerel have to do with it? Can anyone explain?
Guys, in ancient times people recognized the time by "live clocks". These "watches" are very important walking around the yard, and having taken off on the fence, they begin to crow! Were there roosters everywhere and always? Is it possible to determine the exact time by the crowing of a rooster?
Children: No!
Educator: We conclude: although people used "live clocks", they were very inaccurate and inconvenient.
Let's go to the second table.
(On the table for each child there is a damp cloth, a plate with yellow paint (gouache), a large sheet of drawing paper, in the middle of which a circle is drawn).
Educator: Guys, let's wet our palm in a plate with paint and place it with our fingers up to our circle (shows how), then wipe our palm with a cloth.
What did we get? Of course, the radiant sun!
Educator: If the cockerel suddenly gets sick or oversleep, then the sun woke people up. Hear an amazing story.
A long time ago, a man noticed that the shadow that fell from a tree to the ground does not stand still, but runs after the sun. The sun made a circle across the sky in a day, and the shadow also ran a circle. A man watched this miracle and this is what he came up with: he drove a column into the ground, and drew a circle around the column and divided the circle into 12 parts, each part - 1 hour.
The sun rose, and the shadow from the pillar slowly moved in a circle, measuring each hour. This is such a real invention! So man invented the dial (circle). Such watches were in the service of people for a very long time, although they worked only on sunny days!
Who Invented the Sundial?
Children: Human.
Educator: How can you call such a person?
Children: Creator, inventor.
Educator: And now, guys, let's go to another table.
(on the table are illustrations depicting an hourglass and a water clock).
Listen to another story. Scipio Nazicus, a very intelligent resident of the ancient city of Rome, watched the water ooze from a jug. Drops fell drip...drip...drip...drip. Arriving home, he drilled a small hole in the bottom of the vessel, poured water into the vessel, and began to watch how water flowed out of the vessel drop by drop. So an hour passed, the water level dropped and he made a dash on the vessel, an hour later he made another one and continued to make dashes until there were 12 marks, each of which was equal to one hour. This is how the water clock was invented in ancient Rome.
But the hourglass, they are also without arrows and are somewhat similar to waterglasses, only instead of water there is sand in them, and they need to be turned over all the time.
- Do you think these watches were comfortable?
- No one uses water clocks now, but sand clocks can be found in the hospital, in the laboratories of chemists and biologists.
Let's go to another table.
(On the table are images of different clocks and the alarm clock mechanism in disassembled form).
Educator: Time fled, new devices for measuring time appeared. Inventor - another smart person came up with a watch with hands and a dial. True, the clock was very large, the shaft - the drum was wooden and the size of a whole log, and instead of a chain, a very thick rope with heavy weights was wound around the drum. The clock was so bulky that they did not fit at home, they were installed on high towers.
Then clocks "clocks" appeared in the houses, they were hung on the wall, there was a pendulum under the clock. The mechanism of such watches consisted of many gears and springs. Such clocks were called mechanical.
Then pocket watches appeared, they were very expensive, only very rich and noble people could afford such watches, they looked like an egg in shape. They wore such watches on a chain in their pockets, and wound them up with a special key.
The engine of such watches was an ordinary spring.
By that time, watchmakers appeared - watchmakers. They began to invent watches in the form of caskets, turrets, arbors, taught the clock to play music. One of the representatives of the watchmakers was the master - inventor Kulibin Ivan Petrovich.
Fizkultminutka.
Tiki-tock, tiki-tock, -
So the walkers knock.
(Children tilt their heads left and right in time with the words).
Tuki-so, tuki-so, -
That's how the wheels roll.
(Alternately, the right and left hands describe a circle in front of them).
Current-current, current-current, -
That's how the hammer knocks.
(Depict hammers with cams).
Tuki-tok, tuki-tok, -
So the heel knocks.
(Knocking heels).
Educator: Now let's go to another table.
(On the table are images of electric and electronic clocks)
Educator: Life did not stand still, people began to value their time more and more, and watches became a necessity for all people. Watches have been constantly improved. Electronic and electric clocks appeared, inside which they placed a tiny electric station - a battery. (demonstration of the battery).
Watches have appeared that cannot be bought, but each of you can see them on the squares, the station, on the streets.
- What do you think is more important: a person or devices?
On the pipe and on the wall
And on the tower above
They walk, they walk smoothly
From sunrise to sunrise.
This is how difficult the clock has gone so that we can see them the way we see them in our time. And we owe such amazing transformations to man - the creator, creator, inventor.
Time does not stand still, and, of course, new watches will appear over time.
- And now remember what kind of clock you know?
Why did man invent the clock?
- Thank you all for your active work. So we traveled in time, in the past hours.
Theme "Journey to the Past"
Program content (integration of educational areas):
Cognitive development: introduce children to the life, life and work of the Russian people (hut - the dwelling of a peasant family, with Russian household items (stove, spinning wheel, toys, etc.); consolidate knowledge about kitchen utensils (poker, tong, cast iron, samovar ) to cultivate curiosity, interest in the history and traditions of their people, to broaden the horizons of children, to educate in children love and respect for the folk culture and traditions of the Russian people.
Speech development: enrich the vocabulary of children with folk proverbs, sayings, riddles, new words; to develop the desire to know and use oral folk art in life.
Artistic and aesthetic development: to form interest in Russian applied art.
Conducting a lesson on the topic: "Toys of antiquity"
Stroke:
Children enter the hall, greet guests.
Educator: Guys, do you like to travel? (children's answers)
Educator: Today we will make a trip to the past of our country. Once upon a time, in ancient times, there were good fellows - mighty Russian heroes and beautiful girls. And they had good mothers and wise fathers. They knew how to plow and mow, to build tower houses. They knew how to needlework: weave, spin, embroider.
What would you like to know after visiting the past? (children's answers)
Educator: Well, let's fast forward to the past. The magic wheel of history will help us in this. Hold on tight to the wheel, repeat the magic words after me.
Can be touched with a finger
The edge of a dream
Find your way to her
You definitely can.
To the bright stars our children
They fly in colorful dreams,
To find out how the ancestors lived,
They dream of going into the past.
Music sounds.
slide 1
Educator: Look, guys, we ended up in a Russian village.
Rus' wooden - the edges are expensive
Russian people have been living here for a long time
They glorify their homes
Razdolny songs sing
Educator: think about why Rus' was called wooden? (children's answers)
slide 2
Since ancient times, houses in Rus' were built of wood. There are many forests in Rus', so wood is the most affordable material for construction. It is warm and comfortable to live in log houses - huts. In the old days they said not to “build”, but to “cut down” a hut. This is not an easy matter. People from all over the village came to the aid of a neighbor. The men took up the axes, and the women for the preparation of refreshments. In such work, a proverb was born: “without holding an ax, you cannot build a hut.”
Let's all repeat the proverb together. What do you think it means? Now let's work a little:
FM "Builders"
I knock with a hammer, I knock,
I'll hammer a hundred nails.
I will build a house, a house,
We will live in it, in it.
(Music sounds, a girl appears - the hostess with a loaf, bows)
Slide 3.
Educator: Look, the hostess meets us in the hut.
Hostess: Hello, dear guests.
Children respond to greetings with proverbs known to them.
The hostess in the house is like pancakes in honey.
Many guests - a lot of news!
Educator: Guys, what do you think is the most important thing in the hut? Try to guess my riddle: "Oh, what an old grandmother! All white - white. It's summer outside - they don't pay attention to her. And winter comes - they stick to her" (oven). Right! And in our hut there is a stove, here it is, warm!
slide 4
What do you know about the Russian stove? (children's answers).
The whole life and life of Russian people is connected with the stove. The oven is the heart of the home. They built a brick stove and covered it with clay, and a stove-maker laid the stove. A good stove-maker enjoyed honor and respect in the village.
The stove heated the dwelling, cooked food, baked bread in it. Clothes, shoes, mushrooms, berries, and fish were dried on the stove. People slept on the stove or just warmed themselves. For this, a special bed was made. Frost crackles outside, the wind howls, and it is warm and cozy on the stove.
In the old days they said about the stove: “The Empress is a stove, our mother bakes for us.”
Guys, tell proverbs about the stove.
Small stove, but warm.
You can't get warm in a cold oven.
The guests are looking at the stove, it is clear they want porridge.
What is in the oven - swords on the table.
Guys, do you know what porridge and cabbage soup were cooked in in the village?
Narrow at the bottom, wide at the top
Not a saucepan ... (cast iron)
slide 5
This is a cast iron. He was irreplaceable in the economy. It is heavy in weight, as it is made of cast iron, a special type of metal that could withstand any fire and did not break.
And how to put them in the oven, if it's hot, another assistant was needed here.
Bring porridge from the Russian oven.
Chugunok is very happy
What grabbed him ... (grab).
slide 6
Near the Russian stove there was always a tong, with which the hostess got hot iron pots with cabbage soup and delicious porridge.
See how to use the grip.
To care for the stove, you need a poker.
Slide 7
What did they do with a poker? (they stirred the coals, raked the heat).
They said about her: "The poker is not afraid of fire."
Another item for the oven is a bread shovel.
Slide 8
With its help, they planted bread and pies in the oven and took them out.
Hostess: But, we forgot something. Solve another riddle.
longtail horse
She brought us sweet porridge.
A horse is waiting at the gate -
Open your mouth wide.
Slide 9
Educator: in Rus' they ate from wooden utensils with wooden cutlery.
If you use a wooden spoon during a meal, then you can never get burned by hot food. (takes out painted dishes - spoons, a plate, a board)
Slide 10
And here they are. Painted spoons. Painted by hand by real artists. What type of painting is this? (Khokhloma) What types of painting do you know? (Gorodetskaya. Gzhel, etc.)
Hostess: And yet, spoons can be used as a musical instrument, because they make such a wonderful sound (knocking with spoons). Let's try (gives spoons to children).
Children play on spoons.
Hostess: Well done!
slide 11
The teacher draws attention to the spinning wheel.
Yes guys, it's a spinning wheel. She was called that because they spin on her.
What is a spinning wheel for? (children's answers)
slide 12
This is not an easy job, it requires skill and patience. You need to hold the wool, pull the thread and twist it and wind it around the spindle.
slide 13
Hostess: Look how many threads I have spun! (shows a basket with different balls. Accidentally drops the basket - the balls roll out) Oh, my balls all rolled out, the threads got mixed up. Help them roll into balls. (Children wind up balls)
Dynamic pause "Rewind the ball"
Educator: Hostess, why do you need these threads?
Hostess: To knit.
Educator: And what can be knitted from these threads? (children's answers)
Slide 14
Educator: In the old days, guys, on long winter evenings people gathered in such a big hut: they sang, told fairy tales, made riddles.
Educator: Still people worked: they spun, knitted, embroidered, weaved bast shoes. They told jokes - jokes, led round dances. Such evenings they called gatherings. They also made amulets.
What is a guardian? A talisman is an object that protects, protects from something.
Educator: Come on, guys, let's go to the workshop of good deeds and make a charm. To begin with, we will remember what amulets we know and have already done.
Twisting doll, thread doll, chunky doll...
To make a beautiful amulet, you need to work hard.
Educator: When creating a charm, you need to follow some rules
Wards cannot be crafted for yourself
Amulets are made only of good will, no one can force you
The strongest amulets are those made by your relatives, mom, dad, grandmother, brother or sister.
In the process of creating an amulet, you need to think about the person for whom you are making it. If you constantly think about this person, he will really protect this person from trouble.
Making a belt-amulet.
The teacher and the children review the work.
Educator: You all did a great job.
Educator: And it's time for us to return to our time. Guys, what did you learn today while traveling into the past? (children's answers)
Smart strong our people
Protects his land
And the legends of old
We must not forget.
Let's say goodbye to the hostess, and the "Wheel of History" will help us go back to our time.
Children hold on to the wheel, say magic words. Music sounds.
"One, two, three - bring us back to the present." So we traveled in time, and this is not the last time.
I'm asking you a riddle about the subject of antiquity:
Releases hot stalemate
Ancient teapot ... (samovar)
When they did a good job, people had a tea party with bagels. (table is set)
Software content.
- to acquaint children with the history of dishes, with the process of its transformation by man,
- to activate the cognitive activity of children,
- arouse interest in the objects of the man-made world of the past.
Material.
- spoons from different materials,
- antiques,
- cassette or disc “Lozhkari”,
- slide disc,
- illustrations,
- treats.
preliminary work
A visit to the burner.
Lesson progress
Children with a teacher enter the music room, dressed up as a Russian hut. They say hello even though no one is there.
Educator (B): Did we come here? What happened to our woman Matryona in the upper room? (stove, and bast shoes hung on the stove, etc.)
V: But there are no bast shoes here, what a miracle! (children search)
The tong was at the stove and here it is. It means that the local hostess for some reason cannot do without a fork. Why? (it is hot in the oven, you need to put dishes in it, you can burn yourself)
Q: And what other things of antiquity seemed familiar to you, the same as grandmother Matrona in the upper room. (children call)
Q: But where is the hostess herself? (Russian folk song is heard outside the door) Isn't she singing there, I'll go and see.
Granny Dunya comes in (disguised teacher)
Q: Oh who is it? (spoon)
Spoon (L):
Thank you for recognizing me
But tell me friends
What I'm always proud of
Why am I important to people?
If your answer is correct
Further I will say
Like such a beauty
man could create
What can you do with me? (eat soup, porridge, stir food, eat spoons that help put on shoes, play)
Who do you think made me? (Human)
And when did you do it? (for a long time).
Here is this primitive man who lived in a cave (Slide show or illustration).
L: That's right, when our ancestors lived, I was not yet on earth.
How did these people eat? How? (with hands)
L: Do you think it was convenient to eat food with your hands? (children's answers)
Here I have cabbage soup in a cast-iron, I cooked it in the morning, now we will try them - help yourself, dear guests ! (offers to children, they refuse)
L: This is how people gradually realized that it was inconvenient without a spoon and made a spoon. But she doesn't look like me at all. And why? What do you think the first spoon was made of? (children's answers)- made of stone.
Which one do you think is better to use? (wooden) And why?
Let's compare.
Children are given a wooden block and an oblong stone. Children compare - a tree is lighter, determine the weight of a stone and a bar.
L: But dream up, what material would you make a spoon from ... (children's answers)
Children, do you have a Motherland? Where is your homeland?
Well done, you know your homeland. Here I have a homeland. This is the country of Egypt. Here, when a man began to live in a hut, and not in a cave, they made me out of wood for the first time. Here I began to turn into a beauty, I was dressed in beautiful clothes, decorated with patterns, berries, and I really wanted to settle in such an outfit. Well, sisters, run to the guys, let's start a dance.
Russian folk dance with spoons for imagination.
L: And would my stone girlfriends have fun like that? (No) And why?
Where do they dance to this kind of music? (in the village on holidays)
Here we are wooden spoons and live more with grandmothers, but with grandfathers in the villages. So grandmothers Dunya and Matryona, we also settled.
And where do you live? (children's answers)
Do you guys use spoons? - You are city dwellers, modern. (children tell in what cases and what spoons they use)
Baba Dunya to the Spoon: Is it like that. Here is a granddaughter gave me on March 8 (takes out a set of metal spoons) and my daughter, who lives in the city, already has silver and gold ones, so she left one for me as a keepsake. Are they convenient to use? And which do you think is better: wooden or metal and why? (wooden ones may break). That's what I think. I already have one cracked.
END (1st option)
Baba Dunya: Oh, sorry, guys, there is a neighbor coming to me, I'll go meet her.
(leaves, teacher enters)
Educator: Sorry, guys, I was absent for a long time, I was late with the nurse, but what were you doing here?
(2nd option)
Baba Dunya: Oh, something is making noise. And so I put the samovar and forgot about it. And here the tea boiled. You are welcome to my table.
(Children help themselves, sum up)
