Polish culture has always been nourished by many sources. On the one hand, these were Slavic beliefs, customs and traditions, on the other, the influence of Western European countries and eastern neighbors (Ukraine, Lithuania, Russia), and on the third, Christianity in the Roman Catholic tradition (and, as a consequence, the influence of the Latin language). That is why female Polish names represent a special

interest for a language researcher.

Bozhena and Miroslava, Kazimira, Wislava, Czeslava have Slavic roots. But such women as Beata, Lucina, Felicia, Sylvia or Marcelina are of Latin origin. Many popular anthroponyms (Anna, Maria, Natalia) sound the same in almost all languages. From other cultures came such names as Olga (Russian of Scandinavian origin), Ilona (from Hungarian), Aneta, Bernadette (from French). By the way, it is worth paying attention (this is especially important when translating) that very often the spelling of double or single consonants does not coincide with the rules of our spelling - for example, Isabela.

Women of Polish and Jewish origin are very interesting. What makes them interesting is that, having equivalents in the Russian language, they sound completely different. For example, the name Agnieszka, which is Greek in origin, has the same meaning as Agnia. And Katarzyna is Catherine. Małgorzata (Margarita in our language) or Elzbieta (that is, Elizaveta) sounds even more unusual to the Russian ear. Diminutive Polish female names, in contrast to the norms of our language and etiquette, contain the suffix -k-. Lidka, Elka, Olka - for Polish speakers this is not disdain, but, on the contrary, goodwill. Or the suffix “-us-” (-uś): Anus, Galyus, Agus. By the way, another interesting feature: Polish female names, which are homonymous (sound exactly the same) to Russian ones, can have completely different origins. For example, Lena is a diminutive not of Elena, but of Magdalena. Or Olya - not from Olga, as in Russian, but from Alexandra. Asya is from Joanna, not Anastasia.

In our country, such Polish female names are known as

Irena, Agnieszka, Wislawa. But our Western neighbors themselves have different preferences. Now such names as Zofia, Julia, Maya, Lena (as a full name), Alexandra and Zuzanna have become very popular. A few years ago, the top five most frequently chosen for newborns included Alicia and Victoria. But among the older generation (20-30 year olds) Katarzyna, Joanna, Anna are popular.

It is also interesting how the names of Poles in Russia changed. On the one hand, there were several centuries of exile in Siberia back in tsarist times. On the other hand, forced relocations under Stalin. And so Yuzefa became Lyusya (more familiar to the Russian ear), Albert - Oleg, Yan - Ivan... Most often, not only the “everyday” name of a person changed, but also the official one. And only later, after returning to their historical homeland, was the name restored. Although according to the documents this was not always easy to do. It is also worth noting that in Poland it is customary to write which are not written with a hyphen (Bogdan Michal, Julia Patricia), but next to each other. In everyday life, a person uses, as a rule, only one and most often the first. However, he may well be called by a second, or even a completely different name, if he does not like the one that his parents gave him.

Polish names can be roughly divided into pagan, pre-Christian and Catholic. The latter are of ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Aramaic origin. Variants borrowed from the languages ​​of neighboring countries are common.

Features of Polish names

Polish law prohibits giving children more than two names. Third, the child can take it at will, during the first communion at 9-10 years old. But it will not appear in official documents. It is a common tradition to name a newborn in honor of a saint from the church calendar.

Until 1.03. 2015 the law did not allow citizens of the country to name a child by a foreign name. There are still a number of requirements that limit the choice. The Polish Language Council compiles a list of names that are not recommended for parents to use. The final decision when registering a newborn is made by an employee of the Civil Registry Office.

Almost all female Polish names end in -a. Mary, as in other Catholic countries, is worn by both sexes. For example, the country's president from 2010 to 2015 was Bronislaw Maria Komorowski.

Poles love to add diminutive suffixes. For male names use -ek and -us, for female names: -ka, -cia, -sia,- usia, -unia, -dzia. Some variants in the original form have endings -ek: Marek, Jacek, Franciszek.
Sometimes words are transformed beyond recognition. For example, Wojciech is affectionately called Ceschek, and Caesar is called Charek. Karol eventually turned into Karolek, then into Lyolik. Basya turns out to be Barbara, and Aga could be Agata or Agnieszka. The owners of names with the root -slav are called: Slavek (boys, men), Slavka (girls, women).

Beautiful old names in Poland

Ancient Polish names are most often formed by combining the stems of two words. Many variants of Slavic origin have a second part of "slav". For example:

Kazhimesh or Casimir (“announcing peace”) is the name of representatives of the Polish princely dynasties of the Jagiellons and Piasts. It was worn by:

1. violinist Ney;
2. artist Malevich;
3. “father of the American cavalry”, participant in the American Civil War Pulavsius;
4. Russian military leader Levitsky.

Most of the above names are paired and are transformed into feminine ones by adding the ending -a. The component “yaro” (spring) and “peace” is often found, in various combinations: Jaromir, Yarognev (“spring anger”), Jaropelk (“spring of nations”), Jarek, Rajimir (the first root means “joy”), Lyubomir , Nemir, Dragomir.

There are options for a similar creation principle:

• Bratomite - benefit to brother;
• Bogumil, Bogukhval;
• Bozidar, Bogdan;
• Wlodek - to rule according to the rules;
• Włodzimierz - peaceful ruler;
• Vitold - forest ruler;
• Dobrogost, Milogost - good guest;
• Zbigniew - get rid of anger;
• Lyudmil - benefit to the people;
• Radovit - the second part of the word comes from the Old Slavonic vit “life” or Russian “knight”;
• Radzimisch - happy world;
• Radomil.

Two-part names were formed not only with the help of Old Church Slavonic words, but also Old Germanic and Late Latin ones. For example:

• Wilhelm from willo and helm - “will” and “helmet”;
• Herald from ger and wald - “spear” + “power, strength”;
• Gerard from ger and hard - “spear” + “steadfast, hard”;
• Zygmunt from zigu and munt - “victory” + “defense”;
• Clotilde from hlud and hild - “loud, glorious” and “battle”;
• Matilda from maht hild - “strength, power” and “battle”;
• Raymund from ragin munt - “law” + “protection”;
• Norbert nord, berth - “north” and “light”;
• Fryderik (Frederika) from fridu and riki - “world” + “rich, powerful”;
• Jadwiga from hadu and wig - “discord” and “war”.

Polish names of Latin origin

Popular names of the Roman Empire: personal (pranomen), family (nomen), nicknames (cognomen) became the basis for Polish analogues. Thus, Flavian came from Flavianus, “belonging to the Flavian genus.” Polish names were formed from cognomen:

• Anthony - according to one version, comes from the epithet of the Greek god Dionysus “to enter into battle”;
• Beatrice, Beata - from Viatrix “traveller, wayfarer”, later transformed into Beatrix under the influence of the Latin word beatata “blessed”;
• Benedict - from Benedictus, "blessed";
• Blazej - from Blasius, “lisp”;
• Vincent - from Vincentius, “conquering”;
• Vit - from Vitus, “life”;
• Felicia, Felix, Felitsyan, Felitsyana - felix “happy”;
• Karina - from Carinus “dear, dear”;
• Clara, Clarysa - from Clarus, “light”;
• Clemens, Clementine, Clementia - from Clemens “merciful”;
• Maximilian, Maxim - from mavimus, “greatest”;
• Marian, Marianna - from Marianus, from the Mariev family;
• Marek, Marcelin, Marcelina - from Marcus, possibly in honor of the god of war;
• Modest, Modesta, Modestina - from modestus “modest”;
• Sylvester - from silvestris "forest";
• Julia, Julian, Juliana, Juliush, Julita - from Julius, the founder of the family is considered to be Yul, the son of Aeneas;
• Justin, Justina, Justinian - from Justus or justinus, “fair.”

For newborn girls, parents came up with names that were consonant with beautiful Latin words. This is how the options appeared:

• Grace (“grace”);
• Gloria ("glory");
• Jolanta, Viola, Violetta (from viola “violet”);
• Olivia (olive “olive tree”);
• Stella (stella star);
• Monica (moneo “to inspire, to call”).

According to one version, daughters were named Maya in honor of the last month of spring. Silvana comes from the forest deity of the same name from ancient mythology. Franciszek (feminine Franchiska) is a variation of Late Latin Franciscus "Frankish, French".

Popular names in Poland with Hebrew roots

The names of biblical heroes are difficult to recognize in some Polish counterparts. For example, Gabriel - formed from Gabriel, Bartosz and Bartholomew from Bartholomew, and Mateusz, Maciej - from Matthew. Popular Polish names that come from Biblical Hebrew are listed in the table.

	Other forms	Meaning	Analogues in the church context
Anna	Hannah	mercy, grace
Zacharias		Yahweh remembered	Zechariah
Zuzanna	Zuzana	Water lily	Susanna
Michal	Mikhalina	who is like God	Michael
Shimon		God heard	Simeon, Simon
Emanuel	Emmanuel	God is with us	Emmanuel
Eliash		my god Yahweh	Or me
Jozef	Yuzefa, Yuzefina	Yahweh multiplied	Joseph
Yakub		"heel-holding"	Jacob
Ian	Janusz, Yana, Yanina	Yahweh is merciful	John
Jaremiash		Yahweh exalted	Jeremiah
Jachim	Joachim, Joachim, Jakim	created by Yahweh	Joachim

Polish variants of names of ancient Greek origin

A significant part of the Catholic calendar consists of names of ancient Greek origin. They were modified in accordance with the phonetics of the Polish language. Examples are given in the table.

	Other forms	Meaning	Analogs
Anzhdi, Andrzej	Jendrzej, Ondrzej	warrior, man	Andrey
Alexander	Alexandrina	male protector	Alexander
Anatol	Anatola	resurrected	Anatoly
Ariadne	Ariana	sacred
Agnieszka		innocent	Agnia, Agnes in a church context
Agatha		good
Barbara		non-Greek speaking, foreigner	Varvara
Małgorzata	Margareta	pearl	Margarita
Arseniusz	Arsenia	courageous, mature	Arseny
Katarzyna		pure, immaculate	Catherine
Grzegorz		vigilant	Gregory
Petra		stone	Peter
Zofia		wisdom	Sofia
Jerzy		farmer	Georgiy
Krzysztof		Christ bearer	Christopher, Christopher
Stephen	Stephanie	wreath, wreath, crown	Stepan
Philip	Filipa, Philippines	love a horse	Philip
Jacek		hyacinth

The history of the origin of some traditional Polish names

Popular Polish names were borrowed from the Lithuanian language: Olgerd, translated as “glorious”, Keistut “endure, withstand”, Witold “to see the people”, Danuta. The name Grazhin (from the Lithuanian grażus “beautiful”) has an interesting story. It was invented in 1822 by Adam Mickiewicz while on vacation in Vilnius. The poem “Grazhina” became the author’s first notable work. The name became fashionable in Poland, then in Lithuania.

The name Malvina was also coined by the poet. In 1765, the Scotsman James Macpherson created it from the Gaelic phrase Mala Mhin, “smooth-browed.” He named the heroine of the work “The Poem of Ossian” as Malvina.

Antonymic names are popular in Poland. They initially indicated the origin, place of birth or residence of the owner. For example:

• Cajetan, Cajetan - a man from Gaeta (Italy);
• Lukaz - from Lucania;
• Magdalena - from the ancient Greek “from Magdala,” a village on the shores of Lake Galilee;
• Adrian - from Adria or the Adriatic;
• Leocadia - arrived from the island of the same name;
• Lydia - from the Asia Minor region;
• Judita is a Jew, a woman from Judea.

Vanda was probably originally the name given to a representative of the Vandal or Venda tribe (a group of Western Slavs). According to another version, this name, popular even outside the country, was invented by Vincent Kaldubek, a medieval chronicler.
Female Polish names of Slavic origin are distinguished by their tenderness and harmonious sound:

• Milena "sweetheart";
• Viburnum from the name of the tree, or from the Old Slavonic “to heat, heat up” or from the ancient Greek kale “beautiful”;
• Faith;
• Lyuba;
• Nadzheya (Nadezhda, Russian equivalent);
• Berry.

Tadeush, according to one version, comes from the Aramaic word Taddai, translated “chest, heart.” The patron saint Thaddeus is listed in the calendar. Adam Mickiewicz contributed to the popularity of this name. The hero of his poem "Pan Tadeusz" was named after Kosciuszko, the leader of the 1794 uprising for independence.

The names borrowed from the Scandinavian language are: Inga (goddess of fertility), Oscar (from Ásgeirr “divine spear”), Erik (“rich, powerful”). Ancient Germanic roots have:

• Karl - “man, husband”;
• Erwin - “warrior friend”;
• Adela (Adela, Adelaide, Adeline) - “noble”;
• Odo - “wealth”;
• Irma, Emma - “comprehensive”;
• Bertha - “light”
• Jadwiga - “struggle, discord.”

The name Caroline means "belonging to Charles." Later, a paired male version was created - Caroline. Iwona, Koleta, Nikola (from Nicole), Alicia are Polish analogues of French names.

The most popular names in modern Poland

Male Polish names Jan, Jakub, Piotr, Mateusz, Antoni, Szymon, Filip consistently find themselves in the top of the most popular ones. In recent years, the variant Kacper (Kasper, Gaspar) has become fashionable. The name probably comes from the Chaldean "gisbar", meaning "guardian of treasures".

The rating of female names is headed by Zofia, Lena (variant Magdalena), Julia, Zuzanna. Hanna, Maria, Maya, Olivia, Amelia, Alicia are on the list of popular ones. Traditional names remain common: Agnieszka, Malgorzata, Jadwiga, Barbara, Joanna.

Choosing a name for a newborn is an interesting, creative, and sometimes difficult process. And all because parents believe that the name carries a special power and endows its owner with certain character traits, abilities and qualities, influencing his future. Happy parents want the best for their baby, and therefore most of them approach this very responsibly. Someone, in search of the ideal name, carefully studies special dictionaries, someone looks at the church calendar, and some parents try to track the latest trends, because, oddly enough, there is also a fashion for names that changes from year to year. The choice of a name for a baby is very individual, but within each country you can trace certain trends and highlight the most typical and popular names among its inhabitants. Today we will tell you about which names the Poles prefer and which main groups of children's names are especially popular among them.

Baby names in Poland

Original and traditional, newfangled and ancient, national and foreign - all these categories of names are present in the ranking of the most popular in Poland, which was created by the Polish Ministry of Digitalization. The reporting was prepared based on data collected in the PESEL registry (as of 17/01/2017). The rating was created based on data from 2016, but experts note that the very names that children are willingly called in Poland have not changed for several years; they only change their position in the rating. Most of them are classic and vintage.

Polish names for boys

Antoni (9183 boys), Jakub (8942) and Szymon (8264) are the three most popular names for boys in Poland. This is what newborn Poles are most often called. Among the favorites were such names as:

• Jan
• Philip
• Franciszek
• Alexander (Aleksander)
• Mikołaj
• Kasper
• Wojciech

The names Stanisław, Leon or Alan are also readily used, but the name Borys is not so popular among Poles - 817 boys were named this way and it is in 50th position in the ranking. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the complete list of the most popular names in Poland for boys:

Names for girls in Poland

Once again, the list of the most popular girl's names in Poland is headed by Zuzanna - 8,837 girls with this name in 2016. Julia is not far behind her - she is still in second position (8637). In third place in the ranking of the most popular names in Poland for girls is the name Lena. Often, a girl in Poland is called Maja or Hanna by her parents. Among the top ten girl names popular in Poland are also:

Additionally, in 2016, Polish girls were often given names at birth such as Antonina, Laura, Liliana, Nina and Kaja. The list is completed by the female name Aniela. Over the course of the year, 883 girls born in Poland were named this way. For a complete list of the most popular baby names in Poland for girls, see below:

The most popular names in Poland by voivodeship

The ranking of popular names in Poland differs even within each voivodeship. In the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, for example, the most names registered were Szymon, Anthony and Jakub, and among girl names the dominant names were Lena, Susanna, and Maja. We invite you to look at the top names in other voivodeships of Poland:

• Lublin: Szymon, Antoni, Jakub, Lena, Zuzanna, Maja
• Lubuske: Antoni, Szymon, Jakub, Hanna, Maja, Zuzanna
• Lodz: Antoni, Jakub, Jan, Hanna, Zuzanna, Julia
• Lesser Poland: Jakub, Szymon, Antoni, Julia, Zuzanna, Lena
• Mazowieckie: Antoni, Jan, Jakub, Zofia, Julia, Zuzanna
• Opole: Jakub, Antoni, Szymon, Hanna, Lena, Zuzanna
• Subcarpathian: Szymon, Jakub, Antoni, Suzanna, Lena, Julia (Szymon, Jakub, Antoni, Zuzanna, Lena, Julia)
• Podlasie: Jakub, Szymon, Antoni, Zuzanna, Julia, Hanna
• Pomeranian: Jakub, Antoni, Jan, Zofia, Zuzanna, Lena
• Silesian: Jakub, Szymon, Filip, Zuzanna, Hanna, Julia
• Świętokrzyskie: Antoni, Jakub, Aleksander, Lena, Maja, Julia
• Warmian-Masurian: Antoni, Szymon, Jakub, Lena, Zuzanna, Maja
• Wielkopolska: Antoni, Jan, Wojciech, Zofia, Lena, Maja
• West Pomeranian: Antoni, Jakub, Szymon, Hanna, Maja, Zuzanna.

As you can see, the top names for children in Poland only alternate places in the rankings, but do not give up their leadership positions in each voivodeship in particular.

Some parents, on the contrary, fundamentally do not choose for their child a name that is popular in the year of his birth. They are afraid that this may take away part of his individuality, because on his way (kindergarten, school, university) he will meet a lot of peers with the same name and will not stand out. Thinking about this, remember that no matter how typical and popular the name is, when addressing your child it will always sound unique. In addition, the same name has many options and variations (for example, Hanna - Hania, Haneczka, Haniunia) and no one will stop you from coming up with your own - be original!

is a group of names used in Poland. The group of Polish names includes mainly Slavic, Greek and Roman names.

Polish female names

Agnieszka- purity, innocence

Alicia- noble family

Anastasia– resurrection, relocation

Angelica- angelic, messenger

Anka– grace

Barbara- savage, barbarian, foreigner

Beata- blessed

Benedicta- blessed

Bertha– bright

Blanka– white

Bogumila- dear to God

Boguslav- glorifying God

Boleslav- great glory

Bozena– divine gift

Bronislava- glorious in arms

Brigida– strong

Vaclav- glorifying everything

Viga– battle

Wislawa- great glory

Vladislav- possessing fame

Grasya– pleasant

Grazyna- beautiful

Henryka– head of the house

Dita– military trophy

Dobroslava- good fame

Dominica- mistress of the house

Eve- life

Zdzislawa- creator of glory

Zlata– gold

Zosia– wisdom

Irena (Irenka)- world

Ivona- yew tree

Iolanta– violet

Casimir- calling for a truce

Karina- Expensive

Caroline– courageous

Kasia (Cassia)– clean

Katarzyna– clean

Christina– follower of Christ

Leslava- glorious intercessor

Lyudmila- dear to people

Ludvika- famous warrior

Lucia- light

Lucina- light

Małgorzata– pearl

Malvina- friend of justice

Marcelina– protection of the sea

Mieczyslaw- seeking glory with the sword

Milla- noble

Mirka- wonderful, miracle

Miroslava- glorifying the world

Rodomila- caring about the world

Rodoslava- seeking fame

Rostislav- cultivating glory

Serafina– flame

Severina– strict

Stanislava- always nice

Stephanie- crown, crown

Stefsia- crown, crown

Frantiska– French

Hannah- grace, prettiness

Cheslava- Honor and glory

Edita– military trophy

Elzbieta- God's oath, vow to God

Judita– Jewish

Jadwiga- rich warrior

Yaroslav- bright and glorious

Our new book "The Energy of the Name"

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Polish names. Polish female names and their meanings

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Agnieszka, Marysia, Lech and Marek are all Polish names. Very often we hear them on television or in everyday life, but we do not know what they mean and what is the history of their origin. In general, the Polish mentality is an incredibly interesting phenomenon, which often influences the choice of name for a newborn baby of this nationality.

According to the letter of the law

Not so long ago in Poland there was a custom to give a child several names at birth at the same time. But today the country's legislation has limited this number to two. A child has the right to choose his second or third name independently at the age of nine or ten. It is at this time that the boy or girl will receive first communion. Basically, the name in this case is the name of the saint whose day falls on this event. The little man himself decides which of the saints will be his patron, and whom exactly he wants to imitate. This is how the next name of a Polish citizen appears. But it is not official for daily use and indication in documents.

Polish laws state that the chosen name for a child must directly indicate his gender. There are separate Polish names for women and men, and therefore they should be chosen correctly. So, all names belonging to girls mainly have the letter “a” at the end. But an identical ending is also characteristic of male names, for example Barnabas. And both boys and girls can have such a common name as Maria. But for the former, this is the exception, and not the rule.

Choosing a name

When choosing Polish names for boys and girls, parents attach great importance to family and church traditions. It is these criteria that become the main point that mothers and fathers focus on when naming their children. Catholic calendars are considered the main source for selecting a future name. Therefore, among the inhabitants of this country there are often owners of names of Greek, Latin and Hebrew origin.

Poles also often resort to names of Slavic origin, which existed before Christian times. These are such Polish names (male) as Wojciech, Wlodzimierz, Boleslaw. Latin names in Poland are considered normal - Olgerd, or German ones - Erwin, Adolf. Specifically, Polish names were formed on the territory of the country only in the Middle Ages, but even later they acquired their modern sound.

Unusual children

Once upon a time, Polish names were given to newborn babies in honor of a favorite literary character, national hero, or ruler of a state. It was also a natural occurrence to name a baby to please one of the saints. But today it has become fashionable to call children by the pseudonyms of famous serial characters. Sometimes, especially if the child has an ordinary surname, such names sound too ridiculous. Favorite artists and sports stars also become idols of parents, whose names they give to their babies.

Thus, babies born within the last two years are often called Adams (Adam Malysh is a famous Polish athlete). Many fathers and mothers choose completely unusual names for their children, but how can a person named something ridiculous continue to live? Parents don't think about this. But next to them on a Polish street you will always meet Antos, Marysya, Franek, Zosya or Stas. At the same time, Slavic names disappear, for example, Sedzimir, Bozhidar, Slavoy, Dobrava, Dobroslav and others.

What do they mean?

But there are some Polish female names that are always relevant, for example Helena, which comes from Elena. It is believed that Helena girls are born incredibly weak, often with physical disabilities. They also grow very sickly and have poor appetite.

Jadwiga, translated as “fighting”. Such girls are also painful and restless. Parents always try to force these children to play sports, but all their efforts are in vain. Since childhood, Jadwig has had the desire to become a leader in everything.

Kashima is a Polish name of Arabic origin. Kasims are creative, reckless and fun. They regularly need adjustments, with which Kashima can cope with the most difficult task in life.

Men

And here are some Polish male names: Casimir - the one who preaches peace. As children, the Casimirs have a stubborn and complex disposition. They cause parents a lot of problems.

Vaclav - for the most part, these are romantic, impulsive and dreamy individuals. They love cheerful big companies and love helping other people. Only an incredibly strong woman is capable of creating a strong family with Vaclav.

And here are some other Polish names, a list of which may be useful to future parents: Vali, Varakhy, Boleslav, Benedikt, Alexander, Dominic, Clement, Raslav, Emeric. And female: Asia, Brigida, Dita, Isabella, Clementina, Lucia, Sarah, Olivia, Justina, Yaroslava.

They glorified Poland

Some Polish names are known throughout the world, as their bearers have glorified their country.

• Jerzy Goffman is a director of universal scale. He is considered a classic of the Polish film industry.
• Jozef Pilsudski was two times Polish Prime Minister, the country's first marshal.
• Zbigniew Herbert - poet, author of radio plays.
• Anna German is a famous Polish performer who has captivated more than one generation of listeners with her voice.
• Lech Walesa is a living legend; Poland owes its freedom to him.